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Frequently Asked Questions

What is Node.js, and why is it good for BSIT capstones?
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime that lets you build server-side applications using the same language as front-end React, Vue, or Angular code. For BSIT capstones, Node.js is excellent because: (1) one language across front + back end reduces context switching, (2) huge ecosystem of npm packages, (3) free hosting on Render, Railway, Vercel, (4) built-in support for real-time features via Socket.io, (5) panels increasingly recognize it as a modern standard.
Should I use Express, Fastify, or NestJS?
Express — most popular, simplest, vast community resources. Best choice for capstones unless you have a specific need otherwise. Fastify — 2-3× faster than Express, modern API, but smaller community. NestJS — opinionated, TypeScript-first, similar to Angular structure; great if your panel values structured code. For most BSIT capstones, Express is the safe defendable choice.
How do I structure a Node.js REST API for a capstone?
Standard structure: routes/ (endpoint definitions), controllers/ (request/response handlers), models/ (Mongoose or Sequelize models), middleware/ (auth, validation, error handling), config/ (database connection, env vars), utils/ (helpers). Use dotenv for environment variables, helmet + cors for security headers, morgan for request logging. Document this structure in your Chapter 3.
What database should I pair with Node.js?
Three popular choices: MongoDB + Mongoose ORM — best fit for unstructured/document data; the "M" in MERN. PostgreSQL + Sequelize or Prisma — best for relational data needing ACID transactions; modern industry choice. MySQL + Sequelize or mysql2 — most familiar to Philippine BSIT panels. Choose based on your data model: relational (many tables with joins) → PostgreSQL or MySQL; flexible documents → MongoDB.
How do I add real-time features (chat, notifications)?
Use Socket.io — the industry-standard library for WebSocket connections in Node.js. Pattern: client opens a socket on page load, server listens for events (chat:message, notification:new), emits events back to clients. Pair with Redis for multi-server scaling (not usually needed for capstones). Socket.io handles fallbacks to polling automatically. Great real-time capstone ideas: chat apps, multiplayer games, live dashboards, collaborative editing tools.
How do I handle authentication securely?
Standard pattern: hash passwords with bcrypt (NEVER store plaintext), issue JWT tokens on login (signed with a secret), verify tokens on protected routes via middleware. Store JWT secrets in environment variables (never commit them). For production-grade auth, use Passport.js with strategies (local, OAuth, JWT). Add rate limiting (express-rate-limit) to prevent brute-force attacks. Document your security choices in Chapter 3.
Where can I deploy a Node.js capstone for free?
Top free Node.js hosting in 2026: Render (free tier, sleeps after 15 min inactivity but wakes fast), Railway (free $5/mo credit), Fly.io (free tier with cold starts), Heroku (no longer free), Vercel (serverless functions only, not long-running servers), Cyclic (free with AWS limits). For most capstone defenses, Render or Railway are perfect. Document your deployment URL in Chapter 4 for the panel demo.