RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python

RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project are common security measures for granting access to persons in authority. But without any means of security log, you cannot trace the persons who accessed a secured area.

We will solve that in this project. You will learn how to create an RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python. This device can enroll RFID cards to grant it access and creates a CSV file to log all who have swiped an RFID.

RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python: Steps in Creating the Device

Here are the steps in creating RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python.

Gathering the Components
The first thing to do is to collect the hardware components for the Arduino device.
Arduino Uno
RFID – RC522 Module
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
LCD with I2C interface
Mini Servo
Connecting the Components
Connect the components to the Arduino Uno. Please refer to the wiring diagram below.
Coding the Arduino
Third step is about coding the Arduino device.
Python Coding
Final step is creating a Python project that can communicate with the Arduino device.

RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python: Detailed Explanation

RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Projec... x

RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python | Arduino Projects with Source Code

To understand the steps above, here is the detailed explanation of the project.

Quantity	Components
1	Arduino Uno
1	RFID – RC522 Module
1	HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
1	LCD with I2C interface
1	Mini Servo

Arduino UNO

You will be using Arduino Uno for this project. It is an easy to use microprocessor board. Arduino Uno is suitable for any projects and is the cheapest and widely used microprocessor board in the Arduino family. This is great for all kinds of IoT projects.

RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python | Arduino Projects with Source Code

RFID – RC522 Module

RFID RC522 For RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python — RFID RC522

This is the RFID module you will be using. it will be powered using the 3.3V output pin of the Arduino while other sensors for this project will be powered by the 5V pin.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic Sensor For RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python — Ultrasonic Sensor

Next component is the ultrasonic sensor. The role of this sensor is to detect if there is someone in front of the RFID. it uses sound to measure the distance of an object.

16×2 Liquid Crystal Display with I2C

LCD with I2C For RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python — LCD with I2C

This is where we will display our readings. The LCD that we are using has 16 columns and 2 rows. Also, it comes with an I2C interface. This means we will only need 4 connections for the power and display. This type of LCD is great if you are planning to connect more modules to the Arduino.

Mini Servo

Micro Servo For RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python — Micro Servo

Our last component is the Servo. This will act as our locking mechanism for our device.

Connecting the Arduino Components

Now you are ready to connect the components to the Arduino Uno. All components are connected to the 5V pin of the Arduino excepts for the RFID. SDA and SCL pins of the LCD is connected to pins A4 and A5 respectively. The trigger pin and echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor is attached to digital pins 6 and 5. Meanwhile, the data pin of the servo is attached to digital pin 8.

Lastly for the RFID, the first 4 pins starting from the right are connected to 10, 13, 11, and 12. The Reset pin is connected to digital pin 9.

Wiring Diagram of RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python — Wiring Diagram of RFID Door Lock with Data Logging in Arduino and Python

The Arduino Code

Copy the code below to a new sketch in the Arduino IDE. Once done, you can upload it to the Arduino Uno.


#include &lt;SPI.h&gt; //RFID
#include &lt;MFRC522.h&gt;//RFID
#include &lt;LiquidCrystal_I2C.h&gt;//Liquid Crystal Display with I2C
#include &lt;Servo.h&gt;//Servo. This one is already installed in the Arduino IDE
#include &lt;HCSR04.h&gt;//Ultrasonic Senor


//We need the code below for the RFID pins
#define RST_PIN   9
#define SS_PIN    10


//our variable declarations
byte readCard&#91;4];
char* myTags&#91;100] = {};
int tagsCount = 0;
String tagID = "";
boolean successRead = false;
boolean correctTag = false;
float ultrasonicSensor;
boolean doorOpened = false;

// Create instances
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); 
Servo myServo; // Servo motor
HCSR04 hc(5,6);//initialisation class HCSR04 (trig pin , echo pin)

void setup() {
  // Initiating
  Serial.begin(9600); //Serial baud rate
  SPI.begin();        // SPI bus
  mfrc522.PCD_Init(); //  MFRC522
  lcd.init();   // LCD screen
  lcd.backlight();
  myServo.attach(8);  // Servo motor

  myServo.write(10); // Initial lock position of the servo motor
  // Prints the initial message
  lcd.setCursor(0,0);
  Serial.print("-No Master Tag!-");
  lcd.print("-No Master Tag!-");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("    SCAN NOW");
  Serial.print("-SCAN NOW-");
  // Waits until a master card is scanned
  while (!successRead) {
    successRead = getID();
    if ( successRead == true) {
      myTags&#91;tagsCount] = strdup(tagID.c_str()); // Sets the master tag into position 0 in the array
      Serial.print("MASTER TAG SET:");
      Serial.println(tagID.c_str()); 
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("Master Tag Set!");
      tagsCount++;
    }
  }
  successRead = false;
  printNormalModeMessage();
}

void loop() {
  ultrasonicSensor = hc.dist();
  delay(500);
  // If door is closed...
  if (ultrasonicSensor &lt; 20) {
    if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { //If a new PICC placed to RFID reader continue
      return;
    }
    if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {   //Since a PICC placed get Serial and continue
      return;
    }
    tagID = "";
    // The MIFARE PICCs that we use have 4 byte UID
    for ( uint8_t i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++) {  //
      readCard&#91;i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte&#91;i];
      tagID.concat(String(mfrc522.uid.uidByte&#91;i], HEX)); // Adds the 4 bytes in a single String variable
    }
    tagID.toUpperCase();
    mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Stop reading

    correctTag = false;
    // Checks whether the scanned tag is the master tag
    if (tagID == myTags&#91;0]) {
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.print("Program mode:");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("Add/Remove Tag");
      while (!successRead) {
        successRead = getID();
        if ( successRead == true) {
          for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {
            if (tagID == myTags&#91;i]) {
              Serial.print("Program Mode: Tag Removed ");
              Serial.println(tagID);
              myTags&#91;i] = "";
              lcd.clear();
              lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
              lcd.print("  Tag Removed!");
              printNormalModeMessage();
              return;
            }
          }
          myTags&#91;tagsCount] = strdup(tagID.c_str());
          lcd.clear();
          lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
          Serial.print("Program Mode: Tag Added ");
          Serial.println(tagID);
          lcd.print("   Tag Added!");
          printNormalModeMessage();
          tagsCount++;
          return;
        }
      }
    }
    successRead = false;
    // Checks whether the scanned tag is authorized
    for (int i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {
      if (tagID == myTags&#91;i]) {
        Serial.print("ACCESS GRANTED: ");
        Serial.println(tagID);
        lcd.clear();
        lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd.print(" Access Granted!");
        myServo.write(170); // Unlocks the door
        printNormalModeMessage();
        correctTag = true;
      }
    }
    if (correctTag == false) {
      Serial.print("ACCESS DENIED: ");
      Serial.println(tagID);
      lcd.clear();
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print(" Access Denied!");
      printNormalModeMessage();
    }
  }
  // If door is open...
  else {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print(" Door Opened!");
    while (!doorOpened) {
      ultrasonicSensor = hc.dist();
      if (ultrasonicSensor &lt; 20) {
        doorOpened = true;
      }
    }
    doorOpened = false;
    delay(500);
    myServo.write(10); // Locks the door
    printNormalModeMessage();
  }
}

uint8_t getID() {
  // Getting ready for Reading PICCs
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { //If a new PICC placed to RFID reader continue
    return 0;
  }
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {   //Since a PICC placed get Serial and continue
    return 0;
  }
  tagID = "";
  for ( uint8_t i = 0; i &lt; 4; i++) {  // The MIFARE PICCs that we use have 4 byte UID
    readCard&#91;i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte&#91;i];
    tagID.concat(String(mfrc522.uid.uidByte&#91;i], HEX)); // Adds the 4 bytes in a single String variable
  }
  tagID.toUpperCase();
  mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Stop reading
  return 1;
}

void printNormalModeMessage() {
  delay(1500);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("-Access Control-");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print(" Scan Your Tag!");
}

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#include <SPI.h> //RFID

#include <MFRC522.h>//RFID

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>//Liquid Crystal Display with I2C

#include <Servo.h>//Servo. This one is already installed in the Arduino IDE

#include <HCSR04.h>//Ultrasonic Senor

//We need the code below for the RFID pins

#define RST_PIN 9

#define SS_PIN 10

//our variable declarations

byte readCard[4];

char* myTags[100] = {};

int tagsCount = 0;

String tagID = "";

boolean successRead = false;

boolean correctTag = false;

float ultrasonicSensor;

boolean doorOpened = false;

// Create instances

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

Servo myServo; // Servo motor

HCSR04 hc(5,6);//initialisation class HCSR04 (trig pin , echo pin)

void setup() {

// Initiating

Serial.begin(9600); //Serial baud rate

SPI.begin(); // SPI bus

mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // MFRC522

lcd.init(); // LCD screen

lcd.backlight();

myServo.attach(8); // Servo motor

myServo.write(10); // Initial lock position of the servo motor

// Prints the initial message

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

Serial.print("-No Master Tag!-");

lcd.print("-No Master Tag!-");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" SCAN NOW");

Serial.print("-SCAN NOW-");

// Waits until a master card is scanned

while (!successRead) {

successRead = getID();

if ( successRead == true) {

myTags[tagsCount] = strdup(tagID.c_str()); // Sets the master tag into position 0 in the array

Serial.print("MASTER TAG SET:");

Serial.println(tagID.c_str());

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Master Tag Set!");

tagsCount++;

}

successRead = false;

printNormalModeMessage();

}

void loop() {

ultrasonicSensor = hc.dist();

delay(500);

// If door is closed...

if (ultrasonicSensor < 20) {

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { //If a new PICC placed to RFID reader continue

return;

}

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) { //Since a PICC placed get Serial and continue

return;

}

tagID = "";

// The MIFARE PICCs that we use have 4 byte UID

for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) { //

readCard[i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];

tagID.concat(String(mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i], HEX)); // Adds the 4 bytes in a single String variable

}

tagID.toUpperCase();

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Stop reading

correctTag = false;

// Checks whether the scanned tag is the master tag

if (tagID == myTags[0]) {

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Program mode:");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("Add/Remove Tag");

while (!successRead) {

successRead = getID();

if ( successRead == true) {

for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

if (tagID == myTags[i]) {

Serial.print("Program Mode: Tag Removed ");

Serial.println(tagID);

myTags[i] = "";

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" Tag Removed!");

printNormalModeMessage();

return;

}

myTags[tagsCount] = strdup(tagID.c_str());

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

Serial.print("Program Mode: Tag Added ");

Serial.println(tagID);

lcd.print(" Tag Added!");

printNormalModeMessage();

tagsCount++;

return;

}

successRead = false;

// Checks whether the scanned tag is authorized

for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

if (tagID == myTags[i]) {

Serial.print("ACCESS GRANTED: ");

Serial.println(tagID);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" Access Granted!");

myServo.write(170); // Unlocks the door

printNormalModeMessage();

correctTag = true;

}

if (correctTag == false) {

Serial.print("ACCESS DENIED: ");

Serial.println(tagID);

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" Access Denied!");

printNormalModeMessage();

}

// If door is open...

else {

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" Door Opened!");

while (!doorOpened) {

ultrasonicSensor = hc.dist();

if (ultrasonicSensor < 20) {

doorOpened = true;

}

doorOpened = false;

delay(500);

myServo.write(10); // Locks the door

printNormalModeMessage();

}

uint8_t getID() {

// Getting ready for Reading PICCs

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { //If a new PICC placed to RFID reader continue

return 0;

}

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) { //Since a PICC placed get Serial and continue

return 0;

}

tagID = "";

for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) { // The MIFARE PICCs that we use have 4 byte UID

readCard[i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];

tagID.concat(String(mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i], HEX)); // Adds the 4 bytes in a single String variable

}

tagID.toUpperCase();

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Stop reading

return 1;

}

void printNormalModeMessage() {

delay(1500);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("-Access Control-");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" Scan Your Tag!");

}

Now the device can operate on its own. You can add RFID cards or tokens to the device using a master card. Let us proceed to the next step – connecting our device to Python.

Python Code

In this project, you can interface your newly created device to Python using PyCharm 2021 IDE. It is important to download the latest version of PyCharm to avoid problems that can occur while installing the package you need.

After installing the new version of PyCharm, open the Python Packages in View>Tool Windows. Search for “pyserial” and click “install”.

PySerial is the package that lets you communicate from the Arduino serial monitor. This is why we display on the serial monitor though we have an LCD.

Now go ahead and create an new project in Python and copy the code below.

import serial
import time
import csv

ser = serial.Serial('COM5') #Change to the COM port identified by the Arduino IDE.
ser.flushInput()

while True:
    try:
        ser_bytes = ser.readline()
        decoded_bytes = ser_bytes&#91;0:len(ser_bytes)-2].decode("utf-8")
        print(decoded_bytes)
        with open("RFID_data_log.csv", "a") as f: #Filename of the CSV file
                writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=",")
                writer.writerow(&#91;time.time(), decoded_bytes])
    except:
        print("ERROR")
        break

import serial

import time

import csv

ser = serial.Serial('COM5') #Change to the COM port identified by the Arduino IDE.

ser.flushInput()

while True:

try:

ser_bytes = ser.readline()

decoded_bytes = ser_bytes[0:len(ser_bytes)-2].decode("utf-8")

print(decoded_bytes)

with open("RFID_data_log.csv", "a") as f: #Filename of the CSV file

writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=",")

writer.writerow([time.time(), decoded_bytes])

except:

print("ERROR")

break

The code above will get the data passed to the serial monitor of the Arduino and saves it to a .CSV file. Connect the Arduino to your computer and once you run the program, the device will also restart. The CSV file will be saved inside your Python project folder. The saved data will look like this:

Conclusion

So there you have it! RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python. This project is intimidating at first but you will see that it is fairly easy to do. You can combine this to other Python or Arduino projects and build an awesome system!

Click the button below to download the entire project.

Download

RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python

Inquiries

Feel free to write your questions about the RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python in the comments below.

RFID Door Lock Using Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python

RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python: Steps in Creating the Device

RFID Door Lock Arduino Project with Data Logging in Python: Detailed Explanation

Arduino UNO

RFID – RC522 Module

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

16×2 Liquid Crystal Display with I2C

Mini Servo

Connecting the Arduino Components

The Arduino Code

Python Code

Conclusion

Download

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Inquiries

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