How To Make Snake Game In Python

How To Make Snake Game In Python?

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In this tutorial, we will learn the step-by-step process of How To Make Snake Game In Python with the help of examples.

What is Snake Game In Python?

One of the most popular arcade games of all time is the Snake game. The main goal of this game is to catch as many food items as possible without hitting the wall or itself.

As you learn Python or Pygame, you can use making a snake game as a challenge. It’s one of the best projects for people who are just starting out in programming, and every beginner should take it on as a challenge. It’s kind of interesting and fun to learn how to make a video game.

Before moving on, let’s have a quick look at all the modules that build snake games in python.

  • Installing Libraries
  • Create Form
  • Create Snake
  • Create Moving Snake
  • Create A Game Over Function
  • Create Function To Add Food
  • Create Function To Increase The Length Of Snake
  • Display Score

Installing Libraries

Installing libraries is the first thing you’ll need to do if you want to use them to make games. To do this, just type the following command:

import pygame
import time
import random

Create Form

You will need to use the display.set_mode() function in Pygame to make the screen. Also, you will need to use the init() and quit() methods at the beginning and end of the code to set up and take down everything.

The update() method is used to make the screen reflect any changes that have been made. The flip() method works in a similar way to the update() function.

Also, the update() method only updates the changes that have been made, but if no parameters are given, it updates the whole screen. The flip() method, on the other hand, changes the whole screen again.

import pygame
pygame.init()
dis=pygame.display.set_mode((400,300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()

But if you run this code, the screen will come up, but it will close right away. To fix that, you should use a game loop with the while loop before I actually quit the game as follows:

import pygame

pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')
game_over = False
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        print(event)  # prints out all the actions that take place on the screen

pygame.quit()
quit()

When you run this code, you’ll see that the screen you just saw doesn’t go away, and it also tells you everything that happens on it. I did that with the help of the function event.get(). I also used the display.set_caption() function to give the screen name “Snake Game by Python For Free.”

Now you have a screen where you can play your Snake Game, but when you try to close the screen by clicking the close button, it doesn’t work.

This is because you haven’t specified on your screen that when you click that close button, it should close or exit. To do this, Pygame has a “QUIT” event that should be used as follows:

import pygame

pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))
pygame.display.update()
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')
game_over = False
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True

pygame.quit()
quit()

Now, after we have set up our form, the next step is to make a snake on the form.

Create Snake

Before I make the snake, I’ll set up a few color variables that will be used to color the snake, its food, the screen, and other things.

RGB, which stands for “Red Green Blue,” is the color scheme used in Pygame. If you set them all to 0, the color will be black, and if you set them all to 255, the color will be white.

So our snake will be a rectangle instead. In Pygame, you can use a function called draw.rect() to draw rectangles in the size and color you want.

import pygame

pygame.init()
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 300))

pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')

white = (255, 255, 255)
red = (255, 0, 0)

game_over = False
while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, white, [200, 150, 10, 10])
    pygame.display.update()
pygame.quit()
quit()

As you can see, a white rectangle is used to make the snakehead. The next step is to start moving the snake.

Create Moving Snake

To move the snake, you will need to use the KEYDOWN class of Pygame’s key events. Here, the events K_UP, K_DOWN, K_LEFT, and K_RIGHT are used to make the snake move up, down, left, or right. The fill() method also changes the screen from its default black color to white.

import pygame

pygame.init()

white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')

game_over = False

x1 = 300
y1 = 300

x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x1_change = -10
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x1_change = 10
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y1_change = -10
                x1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y1_change = 10
                x1_change = 0

    x1 += x1_change
    y1 += y1_change
    dis.fill(black)
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, white, [x1, y1, 10, 10])

    pygame.display.update()

    clock.tick(30)

pygame.quit()
quit()

Create A Game Over Function

In this snake game, if the player hits the edges of the screen, he loses. To make that clear, I used a “if” statement to set the limits for the x and y coordinates of the snake to be less than or equal to the screen.

Also, note that I have removed the hardcodes and replaced them with variables to make it easier if you want to make changes to the game later.

import pygame
import time

pygame.init()

white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)

dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600
dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_width))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')

game_over = False

x1 = dis_width / 2
y1 = dis_height / 2

snake_block = 10

x1_change = 0
y1_change = 0

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
snake_speed = 30

font_style = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 50)


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 2, dis_height / 2])


while not game_over:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game_over = True
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                x1_change = -snake_block
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                x1_change = snake_block
                y1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                y1_change = -snake_block
                x1_change = 0
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                y1_change = snake_block
                x1_change = 0

    if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
        game_over = True

    x1 += x1_change
    y1 += y1_change
    dis.fill(black)
    pygame.draw.rect(dis, white, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])

    pygame.display.update()

    clock.tick(snake_speed)

message("You lost", red)
pygame.display.update()
time.sleep(2)

pygame.quit()
quit()

Create Function To Add Food

Here, I’ll put some food for the snake, and when it walks over that food, it will eat it. Also, I will make a small change so that when a player loses, they can choose to either quit the game or try again.

import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()

white = (255, 255, 255)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (255, 0, 0)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (0, 0, 255)

dis_width = 800
dis_height = 600

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 30

font_style = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 30)


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 3, dis_height / 3])


def gameLoop():  # creating a function
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(white)
            message("You Lost! Press Q>>>Quit or C>>>Play Again", red)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True

        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(black)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, white, [x1, y1, snake_block, snake_block])
        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:

         clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()


gameLoop()

Create Function To Increase The Length Of Snake

The code below will make our snake grow bigger when it eats food. Also, if the snake runs into itself, the game is over and you’ll see a message that says “You Lost!” Press Q>>>Quit or C>>>Play Again”.

The length of the snake is mostly defined by a list, and the following code says that the first size is one block.

import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()

white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15

font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("Courier-new", 35)


def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, white, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])


def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(black)
            message("You Lost! Press C>>>Play Again or Q>>>Quit", red)

            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(black)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]

        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True

        our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)

        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            Length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()


gameLoop()

Display Score

The last thing you need to do is show the player’s score. In order to do this, I made a new function called “Your score.” This function will show the length of the snake minus one, since that is the size of the snake when it starts.

import pygame
import time
import random

pygame.init()

white = (255, 255, 255)
yellow = (255, 255, 102)
black = (0, 0, 0)
red = (213, 50, 80)
green = (0, 255, 0)
blue = (50, 153, 213)

dis_width = 600
dis_height = 400

dis = pygame.display.set_mode((dis_width, dis_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Snake Game by Python For Free')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

snake_block = 10
snake_speed = 15

font_style = pygame.font.SysFont("bahnschrift", 25)
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("courier-new", 35)


def Your_score(score):
    value = score_font.render("Your Score: " + str(score), True, yellow)
    dis.blit(value, [0, 0])


def our_snake(snake_block, snake_list):
    for x in snake_list:
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, white, [x[0], x[1], snake_block, snake_block])


def message(msg, color):
    mesg = font_style.render(msg, True, color)
    dis.blit(mesg, [dis_width / 6, dis_height / 3])


def gameLoop():
    game_over = False
    game_close = False

    x1 = dis_width / 2
    y1 = dis_height / 2

    x1_change = 0
    y1_change = 0

    snake_List = []
    Length_of_snake = 1

    foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
    foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0

    while not game_over:

        while game_close == True:
            dis.fill(black)
            message("You Lost!!! Press C>>>Play Again or Q>>>Quit", red)
            Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)
            pygame.display.update()

            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_q:
                        game_over = True
                        game_close = False
                    if event.key == pygame.K_c:
                        gameLoop()

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                game_over = True
            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x1_change = -snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x1_change = snake_block
                    y1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y1_change = -snake_block
                    x1_change = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y1_change = snake_block
                    x1_change = 0

        if x1 >= dis_width or x1 < 0 or y1 >= dis_height or y1 < 0:
            game_close = True
        x1 += x1_change
        y1 += y1_change
        dis.fill(black)
        pygame.draw.rect(dis, green, [foodx, foody, snake_block, snake_block])
        snake_Head = []
        snake_Head.append(x1)
        snake_Head.append(y1)
        snake_List.append(snake_Head)
        if len(snake_List) > Length_of_snake:
            del snake_List[0]

        for x in snake_List[:-1]:
            if x == snake_Head:
                game_close = True

        our_snake(snake_block, snake_List)
        Your_score(Length_of_snake - 1)

        pygame.display.update()

        if x1 == foodx and y1 == foody:
            foodx = round(random.randrange(0, dis_width - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            foody = round(random.randrange(0, dis_height - snake_block) / 10.0) * 10.0
            Length_of_snake += 1

        clock.tick(snake_speed)

    pygame.quit()
    quit()


gameLoop()

Conclusion

We have completely discussed the step-by-step process on How To Make Snake Game In Python with the help of examples. I hope this simple game in Python Tutorial will help you a lot.

Thank You!

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